Experts find gene linking gum disease to heart attack
German researchers have found an elusive genetic link between gum disease and heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions.
The finding builds on knowledge that first tied heart disease and dental disease – but the common link was not known until now. With this knowledge, the medical community will be able to better address the cardiovascular risk by increased vigilance with gum disease, known as periodontitis.
Scientists at the University of Kiel in Germany, found the common gene mutation in individuals with periodontitis who were also heart attack patients. The common gene was located on chromosome 9, according to a presentation at the European Society of Human Genetics meeting in Vienna, Austria.
Dr Arne Schafer, the research leader, said taking gum disease as a serious issue and treating it as early as possible is essential in reducing heart risks. He noted that coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis are associated with the same risk factors, notably smoking, diabetes and obesity.
Researchers have discovered similarities between the bacteria found in the mouth and those in coronary plaque, and both diseases are characterised by an out-of-balance immune reaction and chronic inflammation.
Scientists theorize that the bacteria involved in gum disease may trigger a low grade inflammatory response throughout the body, prompting changes in the arteries that can lead to stroke and heart attack.
Another possibility, they added, is that bacteria disturb the way blood vessels dilate directly, since some bacteria can enter the bloodstream, resulting in the increased cardiovascular risk.
“We hope that our findings will make it easier to diagnose the disease at an early stage, and that in future, a greater insight into the specific pathophysiology might open the way to effective treatment before the disease can take hold,” he told the conference.
“In the meantime, because of its association with CHD, we think that periodontitis should be taken very seriously by dentists and diagnosed and treated as early as possible.”
